Autonomous vehicles for sounding
Ports are now looking into whether autonomous drones could be used to carry out sounding in lieu of survey boats, speeding up the process and making them more compatible with busy shipping schedules.
The leader of the hydrographic survey team at the port of Antwerp, Kurt Stuyts, says that sounding is a hugely important process for planning maintenance works. Until this year, the port has deployed its Echo survey ship, equipped with an MBES system, to carry out the task. However, finding the time to weave a survey ship through Europe’s second largest port is no easy feat.
“It all starts with the problem of busy berth places in the Port of Antwerp,” says Stuyts. “We have one dock that is so busy that when one ship leaves, the other is standing ready to take the berth again and in between we don't have the time to do the survey.”
In response to this problem, Antwerp announced this year it would be adding a new autonomous sounding drone to its growing portfolio of smart solutions. Developed alongside cloud-based navigation specialist dotOcean, the Echodrone system is currently undergoing trials in the hope it could one day patrol the port’s Deurganck dock, which accommodates an annual freight volume of nine million TEU.
With its smaller size and ability to operate autonomously, the Echodrone will be able to dip in between heavy shipping traffic, enabling 24/7 survey operations and increasing accessibility around the port. Speeding up this process would cut costs, as the port would no longer need to pay survey staff to wait around until they have a clear path.
dotOcean co-founder Koen Geirnaert says that Echodrone’s unique cloud-based system represents a unique new approach to autonomy. Navigation data collected from sensors around the port of Antwerp is made available over the internet, before being translated into useful information by cloud algorithms. The vessel is able to use this verified data to move around the port, unlike standard autonomous drones which rely on on-board sensors. In the future, data collected from manned vessels could be compiled into the cloud as well.
“If you look in the market, most of the vendors start from building ears and eyes on the vessel itself,” says Geirnaert. “Our approach has been more holistic in the sense that the eyes and ears are coming from the environment in which the vessel is operating, which means you can anticipate actions because you know the information much more in advance than if you retrieve it from a local point.”
In addition to navigation data, sounding data from the Echodrone can be shared from the cloud to the main Echo vessel, which is then able to map the seafloor. “It gives the advantage that you have a single database where you can store and track all your movements and all your collected data,” Geirnaert says.
At the time of writing, Echodrone is undergoing object avoidance trials, while docking, decision-making and windows of operation will represent further challenges in the future. However, Stuyts says that the multipurpose nature of the vessel means it could be equipped with other survey equipment, such as laser scanners, water samplers and a system for photographing quay walls.
“We are seeing if it’s possible to test it with plastic catchers, so we can clean up the port of Antwerp while we are surveying,” he adds.